| Awarding body |
ACCA, UK |
IMA, USA |
CFA Institute, USA |
GARP |
| What it certifies |
Global accounting, audit, assurance, taxation, IFRS reporting and financial management |
Management accounting, costing, budgeting, FP&A and strategic financial decision-making |
Investment analysis, valuation, portfolio management, ethics and professional standards |
Market, credit, operational and enterprise risk; VaR, stress testing, Basel frameworks |
| Structure |
14 exams across three levels |
2 parts |
3 levels, preceded by Investment Foundations |
2 parts |
| Exemptions |
Up to 9 papers |
None |
None — sequential levels |
None — sequential parts |
| Suits you if |
You want a globally portable accounting qualification |
You want to sit inside a business, planning and deciding |
You are drawn to companies, valuation, deals and client-facing investment work |
You are drawn to mathematics, models and quantifying downside |
| Typical destination |
Big 4, GCCs, shared service centres, IFRS reporting teams |
MNC corporate finance, FP&A, controllership, business partnering |
Investment banks, equity research, asset management, corporate finance, consulting |
Tier-1 bank risk desks, insurance, hedge funds, regulators |